![]() Alkali Earth Metals such as Mg, Ca, Ba, Be, Sr, etc.Alkali Metals such as Na, K, Rb, Li, and Cs have a +1 oxidation state.Halogens have a -1 oxidation state except when they form a compound with one another or Oxygen.Similarly, hydrogen has an oxidation state of +1, however, it is -1 in metal hydrides, such as NaH, LiH, etc, Answer: It is not the valence electrons themselves, but the number of valence electrons that determines the chemical properties of an element.Though oxygen has an oxidation state of -2, it has -1 as its oxidation state in its peroxides like Na 2O 2 and H 2O 2.The oxidation state of elements like O 2, S 8, H 2, P 4, Fe, etc is zero. ![]() Here are a few characteristics that can help us to assign oxidation states to various elements. Group 2 elements, the alkaline earth metals, have a valency of +2 as they tend to lose two. This means they readily lose one electron to achieve a stable octet configuration. For example, elements in Group 1 of the periodic table, known as alkali metals, have a valency of +1. Read More: Difference Between An Atom And A Molecule Valency varies for different elements across the periodic table. ![]() The elements in a particular group have the same value. The number of valence electrons stays the same in a group. So the outermost shell contains 5 valence electrons. The 1s shell contains 2 electrons, the 2s shell contains 2 electrons and the 2p shell contains 6 electrons. The atomic number of a Phosphorous atom is 15. Variation of Oxidation State within a Group Phosphorus Valence Electrons Dot Diagram.
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